Origin and application of ball screw

Early precision shafts were produced by starting with a low-precision shaft and then grinding the shaft with several spring-loaded nut rings [citation needed].By rearranging and inverting the nut ring, the longitudinal error of the nut and shaft is averaged.

The Ball Screw was independently invented by H.M. Stevenson and D. Glenn, who received 601451 and 610044 patents, respectively, in 1898.
Then, the very repeatable shaft pitch is measured by a distance standard.
A similar process is sometimes used to produce reference standard screw shafts, or master manufacturing screw shafts.
On the James Webb Space Telescope, ball screws are used to extend the deployable Tower Assembly (DTA) structure.

Ball screws are used for control surface movement in aircraft and missiles, especially for electric wire flight, and for power steering in automobiles to convert the rotary motion of the motor into the axial motion of the bogie.
They are also used in machine tools, robots and precision assembly equipment.
High Precision Ball Screw used in semiconductor manufacturing stepper.